فعالية برنامج إرشادي عقلاني انفعالي لزيادة الصلابة النفسية لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة بنغازي الليبية
The aim of this research is to identify the effectiveness of a rational and emotional counseling program to increase the psychological hardiness of high school students. The study sample consisted of (30) students in the secondary education stage in Benghazi, Libya, whose ages range between (18-20) years, and they were divided into two experimental and control groups. So that each group includes (15) students, and the study tools were represented in the scale of psychological hardness and the instructional program, which were prepared by (the researcher) and the scale of irrational thoughts prepared by Huopre and Layne, and translated by Moataz Syed Abdullah and Muhammad Al-Sayed Abdel Rahman (1997) from The English language, and the study relied on the experimental approach designed (before, after and after) for two equivalent experimental and control groups, and the researcher concluded the following: The existence of statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the experimental group scores in the pre and post measurements on the irrational ideas scale in favor of the post measurement, and the presence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post measurement on the irrational thoughts scale in favor of the experimental group, and the presence of significant differences a statistic between the average ranks of the scores of the experimental group members in the pre and post measurements of the psychological hardness scale in favor of the post measurement, and there are also statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the scores of the experimental and control groups in the post measurement of the psychological hardness scale in favor of the experimental group, and as for the comparison between the post and the following applications of the group Experimental The results of the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the experimental group scores in the post and tracer measures of the psychological hardness scale in the total score of the scale and the degree of the second dimension, while there were statistically significant differences for the first and third dimensions in favor of the dimensional measurement, and there are also differences of interest. Statistical significance between the mean scores of the trial group. There is a clear effect on the effectiveness of the current indicative program on the development of psychological toughness. (Published abstract)