بناء وتدريج مقياس التأمّل الناقد في ضوء نموذجي التقدير الجزئي والاستجابة المتدرجة لدى طلاب جامعة الأزهر
The research aimed to prepare a critical reflection scale, and calibration its psychometric properties according to item response theory using the partial credit model and the graded response model, and Calculating the differences between the two models in the number of fit and misfit items, suitability of the scale components, values of difficulty parameters for the scale items, and marginal reliability and information function of the scale components. The participants of the research were (1042) participants with a mean age (20.41) years and a standard deviation of (2.23) from faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Boys in Cairo, faculty of Human Studies for Girls in Cairo and faculty of Science for Girls in Cairo. The research instrument consisted of critical reflection scale (Prepared by the researcher). The researcher used the statistical methods: Chi Square test for goodness of fit and t- test to verify the research hypotheses. The researcher relied on the following statistical programs SPSS 25, MULTILOG 7.0.3, PARSCALE 4.1.2, jMetrik 4.1.1.The results of the research revealed that (20) items of the scale did not fit with the partial credit model, and (6) items did not fit with the graded response model, and that the graded response model is more suitable for the data than the partial credit model according to criterion of number of fit and misfit items, and 2-Log Likelihood index, it gives higher marginal reliability coefficients and a better information function at the low and medium level of ability, while the partial credit model gives a better information function at the low level of ability. (Published abstract)