فاعلية استخدام الوسائط المتعددة في تنمية مهارات القراءة لدى تلاميذ الصف الأول الابتدائي بمدينة مكة المكرمة
This study aimed to identify the efficacy of employing multimedia in developing reading skills represented in (recognizing the read matter and its enunciation, understanding the read matter and reading fluency) by first grads primary school pupils in the holy city of Makkah. To realize the objective of the study the researcher followed the quasi-experimental method which is based on the two group design (experimental and control), and for that purpose the researcher designed a number of tools and research materials as follows: a) A list of the reading skills (targeted for development) for first graders at the primary school. b) Multimedia software, composed of four lessons with learning and evaluative activities, since they had been built and designed in light of the reading skills list. c) A reading skills test, constructed in light of the reading skills test targeted for development. Having ensured the validity of the study tools, its materials, and measured its reliability, the researcher set out to administer the instruments to the study samples comprised of 60 first graders at the primary school in the holy city of Makkah; each group had 30 pupils. The researcher used a number of techniques and statistical treatments to reach the results of the study, of which were: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Crombach alpha, t-test for the significance of difference between the mean scores of two independent samples; Spearman-Brown equation, Guttman equation, difficulty / facility index, analysis of covariance). Having completed his statistical analysis the researcher obtained the following results: 1) There were statistically significant differences at the significance level 0.001 in the post performance of recognizing the read matter and its enunciation in favor of the experimental group. 2) There were statistically significant differences at the significance level 0.001 in the post performance of the skills of the read matter in favor of the experimental group. 3) There were statistically significant differences at the significance level 0.001 in the post performance of the skill of reading fluency in behalf of the experimental group. 4) There were statistically significant differences at the significance level 0.001 in the post performance of the combined reading skills in behalf of the experimental group. 5) There existed a practical significance for the implementation at of the multimedia software in promoting the reading skills targeted for development by the experimental group pupils in line to what had been indicated by squared eta (ɳ2) results. Based upon the results reached, the study put forward the following recommendations: 1) Inviting the people responsible for planning Arabic language Teaching curricula at the primary school to design learning softwares and multimedia allied with curriculum to promote reading skills by the pupils. 2) Calling upon Arabic language supervisors to hold training courses for Arabic language teachers, and training them in methods of teaching the reading skills and techniques of their promotion at the elementary stage. 3) Calling upon Arabic language teachers to utilize modern technologies, and multimedia in developing the reading skills by first graders at the primary school due to their importance in motivating the pupils and stimulating their interest. 4) Supplying the school with modern technologies such as computers, and its networks and multimedia; research mechanisms and electronic library; internet portals to be utilized in teaching and learning the Arabic language. (Author’s abstract)