أنماط العزو السببي للنجاح والفشل لدى الطلبة الجامعيين في ضوء متغيري الجنس وحرية اختيار التخصص
This study aimed at investigating the types of causal attribution for success and failure among university students in the light of variables of gender and the freedom in choosing college majors. The sample consisted of (498) students selected randomly from the faculties of the university, according to the presented classes in the semester, then (15) classes were chosen by cluster random. The instrument used in the study was the Lefcurt scale of the causal attribution for success and failure which was modified to suit the Jordanian community. The results showed that the university students attributed their success to internal causes such as ability and effort, and their failure to unstable causes such as effort, luck, and assistance of others. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in causal attribution types due to gender. As for the freedom in college major choice variable, the results showed that there were no significant differences in the causal attribution types in the internal and external causes of the success and the stable causes of the failure due to that variable, but there were significant differences in attributing the failure to unstable causes, since the students who choose their majors according to their inclinations attributed their failure to unstable ones. In the light of these results, there were some recommendations such as training students in the internal, causal attribution, and in choosing their majors by themselves. (Published Abstract)