التمايز في التحصيل الدراسي : مقاربة سوسيولوجية تحليلية
The study aims to understand the issue of academic achievement differentiation among learners with similar cognitive abilities. Problem: Is the disparity in academic achievement a result of individual failure or a structural flaw in the educational system? How do the educational system’s structural mechanisms interact with the rational choices of individuals to shape their educational paths? The study used a sociological analytical approach that integrates structuralist (educational system) and individualist (personal choices) perspectives. The study concluded that academic achievement differentiation is not the result of a single cause, but a complex interaction. The educational system reproduces inequality, while individual choices significantly affect educational trajectories. Understanding this issue requires moving beyond deterministic explanations and viewing it as an interaction between social structures and individual choices. (Published abstract)