المساندة الاجتماعية وعلاقتها بمستوى التفاؤل لدى أطفال ما قبل المدرسة
The research aimed to identify the level of social support and optimism for pre-school children (kindergarten), as well as to identify the relationship between social support and optimism for pre-school children. The research sample consisted of pre-school children in kindergarten at Bir al-Abd School in North Sinai Governorate - for the year (2022 AD-2023 AD) and their ages ranged from (6 to 4) years, and their number reached (76) children. (17) children were chosen as the basic research sample in a random manner, and (16) children from the research community were used as a exploratory sample, as they were excluded A number of (6) children. The research tools consisted of personal interviews, a data registration form for the basic research sample, a form to survey the opinions of the experts, a measure of the social level (economic, cultural), a measure of optimism, and a measure of social support. The results indicated that pre-school children enjoyed an average level of social support from the family according to the opinions of the parents and from the kindergarten of Bir al-Abd School according to the opinions of the kindergarten teacher, and an average level of optimism from the family according to the opinions of the parents and from the kindergarten of the Bir al-Abd School according to the opinions of the kindergarten teacher. (Published abstract)