درجة الآثار النفسية والاجتماعية لظاهرة التنمر الإلكتروني لمرحلة الطفولة المبكرة من وجهة نظر أولياء الأمور
This study aimed to reveal the degree of psychological and social effects of the phenomenon of electronic bullying in early childhood from the point of view of parents. To achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive survey method was used to suit the current research. The study population consisted of parents of children in early childhood in the governorate. Al-Ahsa. The study sample consisted of (63) guardians of children according to the variables of age, educational degree, and profession. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data for the current study after ensuring its validity and reliability. Among the most important results reached by the study were: the psychological effects. The social effects of the phenomenon of verbal bullying in the early childhood stage from the point of view of the parents were in a low degree with a mean score of (2.49) and a standard deviation of (0.957). The psychological and social effects of written bullying in the early childhood stage from the point of view of the parents were in a low degree with a mean score of (2.49) and a standard deviation of (0.957). (2.27) and a standard deviation of (1.030). The psychological and social effects of indicative bullying in early childhood from the parents’ point of view came with a mean of (2.25) and a standard deviation of (1.160). The study recommends raising awareness of both parents and children by using technology safely to avoid children being at risk of cyberbullying. (Published abstract)