أثر استراتيجية التفكير بالمقلوب في تحصيل مادة التاريخ والاحتفاظ بها لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الأدبي
The current research aims to know (The Effect of Thinking Upside Down Strategy in the Achievement and Retention of History for Fourth-Grade Literary Student) and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher adopted experimental design procedures with partial control for the two research groups represented by selecting the research sample as it included (69) students by (31) One student in the experimental group and (33) students in the control group, and the researcher rewarded between the experimental group and the control group in several variables (previous knowledge, intelligence test, the chronological age of students calculated in months, and half-year grades in the history course), and the researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (30) A paragraph whose validity and reliability were verified and two weeks after the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the retention test on the research sample itself, and reached the existence of statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, and the researcher concluded that the strategy of thinking backwards has a positive effect and gives freedom to students to express their views The experiment lasted one semester (first semester) of the academic year (2018/2019)and to process the data, the researcher used the statistical bag. (Published abstract)