الخبرات النفسية والاجتماعية في الطفولة وعلاقتها بتشكيل هوية الأنا : دراسة ميدانية لدى عينة من طلبة المرحلة الثانوية العامة في محافظة دمشق
Many studies confirm that childhood and its experiences have an effect on the life of individuals in later stages, and adolescence is considered the first stage to be affected negatively or positively depending on the nature of these experiences which might help or hinder him in the face of changes and difficulties during this stage. Identity formation is considered the base of the change considering that the adolescent identity could be affected by the social and psychological experiences from his childhood. The research’s problem has been defined in the following question: What is the relationship between Psychological and social childhood experiences and ego identity formation among general secondary students? Importance of the research: The importance of the research lies in the following aspects: A) Theoretical Importance: 1) the importance of studying psychosocial experiences during childhood and its role in the development of the individual’s identity and mental health. 2) The importance of ego identity formation as an identifier of the individual1 s personality development and mental health. 3) The rarity of studies that deal with the relationship between psychosocial experiences during childhood and ego identity formation and the lack of local study -according to the researcher’s knowledge- about the relationship between psychosocial experiences during childhood and ego identity formation. B) Practical Importance: The results of tins research might help psychological counseling experts to predict ego identity formation during adolescence using the nature of childhood experiences and the variables that might affect its formation, which might help m putting the appropriate preventive and treatment plans. Objectives of the research: The research aims at achieving the following: 1) identifying the relationship between psychosocial experiences during childhood and ego identity formation. 2) Identifying the differences in psychosocial experiences during childhood according to the gender variable. 3) Identifying the differences in ego identity formation according to (gender, income level the father’s educational level the mother’s educational level). 4) Identifying the possibility of predicting intimacy through ego identity formation. Research methodology and tools: The research used descriptive analytical approach to derive the results of this research based on the following tools; 1) Psychological and social childhood experiences. 2) Ego Identity Scale (EIS) (1961. Rasmussen) translated to Arabic by Abdullah Almounaezil (1994). Sample of the research: The sample consisted of 1088 male and female general secondary school students (the first and secondary grade) in Damascus city. Results of the research: The research found the following results: 1) there is a statistically significant positive correlation was found between Psychological and social childhood experiences and ego identity formation among the research sample members. 2) There is a statistically significant differences between female and male of familial cohesion experience in favor of male, and of the attitude toward primary school, the relationship with the teacher and the relationship with peers in favor of male, while there was no statistically significant differences between male and female of parental care and academic success m primary school. 3) There is a statistically significant difference between female and male of ego identity formation in favor of male. 4) There is a statistically significant difference in the degree of ego identity formation in accordance with the level of the monthly income of the family in favor of the high level income. 5) There is a statistically significant difference in the degree of ego identity formation in accordance with the father’s educational level in favor of the university level. 6) There is a statistically significant difference in the degree of ego identity formation in accordance with the mother’s educational level in favor of the university level. 7) The degree of the intimacy can be predicted through the degree of ego identity formation in adolescence. (Author’s abstract)