تطور العدالة التوزيعية والجزائية عند الأطفال
The research aims to identify distributive justice among children and identify the significance of statistical differences according to the variables of age and gender, and identify retributive justice among children, and the significance of statistical differences according to the variables of age and gender. The research sample included (200) children (boys and girls), in the center of Baghdad Governorate, on both sides (Karkh and Rusafa), for ages (4, 6, 8, 10) years, with (50) children, both boys and girls, for each age group, equally divided between males and females. The researcher adopted the (Smith and Warneken, 2016) tool, which was prepared to measure distributive and retributive justice. The researcher verified the psychometric properties of the two tools by extracting the face validity and constructing the stability using the Kuder Richardson-20 method (KR-20). The stability coefficient for distributive justice reached (0. 74) and the stability coefficient for retributive justice reached (0. 76). The research reached the following results: 1) Children have distributive justice at the age of (8) years. 2) Children’s distributive justice takes a gradual developmental path as it increases with age. 3) There are no statistically significant differences in distributive justice according to the gender variable. 4) Children have retributive justice at the age of (8) years. 5) Children’s retributive justice takes a gradual developmental path as it increases with age. 6) There are no statistically significant differences in retributive justice according to the gender variable. Based on this, the researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions. (Published abstract)