شبكة المعلومات العربية التربوية

The search has the following two objectives: 1) Building a proposed project based on the skills for commercial crops in the light of the literary fifth grade students. 2) Know the effectiveness of the program in the collection. Collection hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study physical geography in the proposed program based on pivotal thinking skills and the average scores of the control group students who study in the usual way in the geography achievement test: 1) Building a proposed program based on pivotal thinking. 2) Teaching plans for the two research groups to teach the content to be taught in the subject of geography. 3) An achievement test in geography for the fifth literary grade, consisting of (40) objective and essay items. The researcher verified the validity of the test and applied it to a pilot sample that calculated stability, distinction, difficulty and effectiveness of the alternatives. The current research was limited to the students of the fifth literary grade at Al-Zahraa Secondary School for Girls to be a field for conducting research for the academic year (2021-2022). The researcher used the experimental design with partial control with two equal groups with a post-test to measure achievement, as this design fits the conditions of the research, and the research consists of two groups, the first is experimental, and the other is control, where the experimental group is taught based on the proposed educational program, and the control group is taught by the traditional program. The sample of the research was (84) students distributed into two divisions (A, B), the experimental group whose students will study according to the pivotal thinking skills, and the number of its students is (48), and the division (A) is the control group whose students will study in the usual way and the number of its students (42) female student. After excluding the students who did not statistically, who numbered (6) students, the total of the final research sample became (84). The two groups were rewarded with the variables of chronological age, intelligence, previous information, father and mother’s achievement. Behavioral goals were formulated for this study, which amounted to (203) behavioral goals, and study plans amounted to (10) study plans, consisting of (9) study plans for the experimental group and (1) Study plans for the control group. Two tools were built, the first is the achievement tool and the second is a scale of geographical thinking, and the researcher calculated the honesty and extracted the discriminatory power of the test paragraphs and the stability coefficients, as it appeared that all the calculated correlation coefficients are statistically significant, and the data were processed statistically using several statistical methods, including the test t for two independent samples, chi-square, and other equations, and the results showed the following: Collecting results: The students of the experimental group who studied according to the proposed program outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the traditional group in achievement. To complement the research, the researcher suggested conducting studies that reveal the effectiveness of a proposed educational program based on pivotal thinking skills in teaching other subjects, as well as building a training program to teach pivotal thinking skills for middle school students. (Published abstract)