شبكة المعلومات العربية التربوية

The current study concerns with the relationship between reference and active element and their positions in grammar lesson. It also deals with agreement and disagreement between the phenomenon of between reference and the theory of active element, in addition to the way grammar lesson deals with the relation between grammatical meaning and vocable. The study aims at uncovering the reasons behind disagreement between reference and active element, realizing pronunciation forms, meanings and the ways meanings merge with vocable. To achieve the purpose of the present study, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach. It was found that reference is the origin of speech where subsections emerge and the noun is the center of reference relationship. In addition, speech is made up by nouns and reference to them. Reference is abstract which does not affect pronunciation. Moreover, ordering of sentence elements can not be relied on since the nominal subject is fronted reference and the verbal one is delayed reference. On the other hand, active element can be both abstract and vocable. It is marginal which does not affect meaning. It depends on the rank and hence it should be advanced either in vocability or in form. Reference is connected with prominent grammatical meanings such as patient- function, annexation and succession, nonetheless, the relations of active element are vocable and are confined to its effect on the passive element. Vocability may disagree with the base of meaning; where it is genitive and the meaning requires subjective case or vocability is objective case and meaning requires genitive or vice versa. (Published Abstract)