AU - النصراوي، حيدر كامل مهدي. AB - The aims of this study is to investigate Optimism and Pessimism among university undergraduates including the first and fourth stage students ,the sample of this study contained 326 students , 166 male and 160 female, The researcher adopted a scale of Dember et al (1889) translated and adjusted to Arabic version by Al-Dosoke (2001). The results have shown that students have optimism including the first and fourth stage and no significant difference between the students as far as including the first and fourth study stage and gender, Implications of the results and recommendations for further research are discussed. (Published abstract) http://search.shamaa.org/abstract_en.gif ID - 127564 OP - ص ص. 547-572 T1 - قياس التفاؤل والتشاؤم لدى طلبة الجامعة [مقال] UL - 1 http://search.shamaa.org/fulltext.gif https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/141553 النص الكامل (PDF)