فاعلية تدريس الجغرافية باعتماد القراءات الخارجية في التحصيل وتنمية التفكير الإستدلالي لدى الصف طلاب الخامس الأدبي
The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of external readings in the achievement of students of the literary fifth, and to identify the degree of development of reasoning thinking among literary students. The importance of the current research stems from the importance of geography as a study of the surface of the earth as a dwelling of man. The environment is the essence of a geographical investigation aimed at understanding the nature of relations between man and his environment. It is concerned with a precise and orderly interpretation of the changing body in climate and terrain (Al-Farra, 1988, p. 11). According to the researcher's knowledge, it is one of the social materials that combine the natural and human fields, that is, it can be considered a natural science that exists by itself or human knowledge, and thus it is divided into two main parts, natural and human. The first examines the environmental aspects that surround man and the extent to which it affects him. And the extent of their impact on these phenomena and the distribution of spatial and demographic and political boundaries and other matters related to human life, and the branches of these sections, including several sections of the geographical and climatic, political, economic, historical and cities so it became a science aimed at taking a positive role in the service of humanity as a whole based on analysis of phenomena and their causes, and their study became a necessity of life, or an essential component of economic and social development. (Published abstract)